Drilling-tool



G. W. HANSON.

DRILLING TOOL.

APPLICATION. FILED JuLv 24. 1920.

Patented Apr. 19, 1921.

wig? IMA u UNITED STATES GUSTAEW. IIANSON, '0F WICHITA, KANSAS.

DRILLINGr-TOOL.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr. 19, 1921.

Application led July 24, 1920. Serial No. 398,785.

ingmechanism.

y the utilization of the device of my invention the diameter of the hole previously cut by the drill at the end of the tool is enlarged suiiiciently to accommodate the pipevsections, and their couplings, as the oil well casing descends with the progressive work ofthe drilling tool.

The -invention consists in certain novel combinations and arrangements of parts,

whereby the reaming knife blades or cutters are automatically projected laterally of the drill shank to operative position when the drilling tool reaches its working position, and are thus retained and locked for the proper performance of their functions. The

- projected cutters may with equal facility be' positively unlocked and withdrawn or retracted to inoperative position wit in the 'drill shank by the initial movement of the withdrawal of the drilling tool from the well hole, when tequired, thus permitting the tool ,to be lifted from lthe well.

Because of the arran ement of the underreaming cutters and t eir positively actu.- l ated projection to and withdrawal from operative position prior to the withdrawal of the tool fromthe well, the dangers incident to lodging of the apparatus in the well hole are avoided. The tool may readily be re` moved through the well casingland replaced with convenience and despatc without the necessity of the long operation of pulling the casing section Vby section 1n the event that the tool lodges in its expanded position below the casing.

L Other meritorious features and advantages will appear upon reference -to the accompan ing drawings and specifications in which have described and illustrated one complete example of the physical embodiment of my invention constructed and ar# ranged according to the best mode I have thus far devised for the practical application of the principles of my invention.

Figure 1 is a view partly in section of a drilling tool constructed according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the tool in Fig. 1, looking from the right.

Fig. 3 is a bottomview ofthe tool.

v Fig. 4 is a View showing the well casing in section with the drilling tool descending to operative position. v

Fig. 5 is a View similar to Fig. 4 with the tool in operative position.

In the preferred form of the invention I attach at the lower end of the bit stem 1, a hollow shank 2, threaded at 3', and fashioned in the form of a cylindrical cast steel sleeve providing a chamber 4 for the tool mandrel 5 within the interior bore o f the shank.

The mandrel is movable within limits in the shank, and is retained therein by means of a transversely disposed case hardened steel key 6, passed through openings in the wall of the shank and secured therein by a pin 8,- This key also passes through the longitudinal guide slots 8 of the mandrel and permits relative movement of the shank and mandrel.

At its lower end the cylindrical mandrel is fashioned with an enlarged head 9, within which a fish-tail drilling bit 10 is secured. The pair of transversely extending bolts 11 11, used for this purpose hold the bit firmly in place for performing its functions of drilling the smaller, bore of the well as the drilling tool descends.

The upper face of the head is fashioned with a tapered ring 12 to forma socket or seat for a complementary beveled lower edge 13 of the shank 2, and these beveled faces 12 andl 13 provide for centering and retaining the shank and mandrell head with a close jointtherebetween when the tool is in working position. Preferably locking lugs or clutch jaws 12 and recesses 13 are provided on the adjoining ends or edges of the shank and head t o lock these parts together when in operatlve position, toreceive and transmit the strain of the rotary 'x'nove ment lbetween the shank and mandrel.

For underreaming the pipeor enlarging the wellhole beneath the shoe S of the well casing, I employ a pair;- of reaming cutters 14 and 15 designed tol cut the walls of the well hole drilled by the preceding bit 10, to

lso

permit the descent of the well casing 16 and its couplings.

In F ig. 2 these reaming cutters are clearly shown, and each composed of a Hat cast 1steel blade of proper thickness and provided with a lower perforated pivot-head 17 Disposed above this head is an angular slot comprising the vertical way 18 and an obliquely extending lway 19, the latter projected at an angle into the blade in a plane parallel with the oblique cutting edge 2O of the blade. rlhis cutting edge 20 is designed to cut or ream the side wall of the hole, and the vertically disposed cutting edge 21 of the blade, located at an angle to the cutting edge 20, is provided for lateral reaming or drillin of thehole.

ach reaming blade, at its upper edge 22, has a beveled corner 22', and a recess 23, one of the walls 24 of the recess being beveled for a purpose tov be described.

rThese reaming blades are each pivoted in and carried by the hollow mandrel, on a common pivot 25 or bolt, passed through the spacing sleeve 25 in the mandrel head and transversely through the two pivot heads of the blades. The cutters 'are .thus centrally disposed on the vertical axis of the mandrel and drill tool, and their cutting blades are adapted to swing laterally through the respective slots 26 and 2 7 of the mandrel and shank. v

The lowerlend walls of the two pairs of slots are beveled at 28 and 29, their faces declining inwardly, and the beveled face 28, when the tool is in working position, form seats for the edges 30 of the reaming blades, which are cut at -approximately an angle of 45 de rees.l

rlhe slots o the inner member or mandrel are of approximately the same. length as those of the shank, and the upper end walls of the shanky slots are provided with beveled faces 31 complementary to the edges 24 of the locking notches 23 of the reaming blades.

For projecting and retracting the reaming blades l utilize the action ofthe relative movement of the mandrel and shank, through the instrumentality of a cross pin or bolt 32 securely fixed in the walls of the shank and passed through opposed slots 33, 33, in the mandrel.- rlhe bolt 'is also passed through the slots in the `reaming cutters, and when the tool is in operative position with the blades projected, the pin occupies-a position inthe vertical ways 18 of the slots in the blades.

Water openings 2 are provided in the.

shank, and openings 5 in the mandrel are used for circulation of water in the drilling tool. And grooves or channels 9 are also provided in the'head to permit'draining of water therethrough.

While the tool is being lowered into the well the reaming cutters are in retracted position within the mandrel and shank, as 'in Fig. 4c with the mandrel suspended at its .low position, and the mandrel head hang 'the actuating bolt 32 occupies a position near the upper ends of the angular ways 19 of the slots. As the shank continues its descent, the pin passes down through the slots or ways 19, positively fording the blades to swing outwardly on their common pivot bolt 25, until the pin 32 occupies the vertical ways`18 of the slots. As the blades pass throughthe slots 26 and 27, the beveled edges 31 of the shank slide over the complementary edges 22 until the notches 23 reach the edges 31 of the shank. The descending edges 'of the shank now slip into the notches and the blades are thus locked in projected position, with, the notched blade bearing against the periphery of the shank while drilling, to receive the inward thrust of the drilling action of the blade.

The strain of work on the blades is taken up by the walls of the shank slots against which the blades are held and the lever ac-` tion on the blades as the tool rotates, is between the cutting edges of the blade and ofthe slots in the shank and mandrel...

The blades are released and unlocked, and retracted by the initial movement of ,the shank when the tool is lifted. Thus, when the tool is elevated, the shank is .given an initialA lift before the mandrel is, moved. The locking wall 31 Vat the Itop-of the slot 27 is first lifted fromthe notch 23 and the lower'endwall of slot 27 then 'engages the inclined edges 30 of the-blades. The in or bolt 32 is lifted into the 'angular portlon ofthe ways 19. Themandrel is stationary, and the continued lift, of the shank causes the pin 32 to ride up in the angular slots of the blade to retract or draw in the released reamer blades. During this movement the key 6 slides throu h its slot 8 and the bolt 32 slides upwardl per end of the slots. The weight of the mandrel is then taken u by the key, and the mandrel, head and fis with the shank.

1. The combination with a slotted inclosing tool-shank, of a complementarily slotted mandrel, a transverse key in -the shank in guide slots of the mandrel, a' pair'ofream- 'throu vh the-l lguide slots 33 untll the key reaches t e upf tail" bit are lifted A the .contact face between the blade and walls plementary slots, and means on the blades co-acting with the slotted shank for lockingk said blades in' projected position.

2. The combination with a hollow mandrel and inclosing, relatively movable tool shank, of a pair of reamer blades pivoted in the mandrel and adapted to be projected through complementary slots in the mandrel and shank, a locking notch in each blade and a locking member :formed as the top wall of the shank slots to engage said notches and lock the blades in projected position.

3. The combination in a drilling tool, of' an inner, hollow mandrel and inclosing shank, an enlarged bit head on the mandrel below the shank having an inwardly beveled upper jaw, a complementarybeveled jaw formed on the lower edge of the shank, and a bit fixed in said head.

4. rlhe combination with. a hollow mandrel and' relatively movable inclosing shank, a pair of reamer blades pivoted in the mandrel and adapted to be projected through complementary slots in the shank and mandrel by action of the shank, means for locking the blades in projected position, an enlarged bit-head on the mandrel below the shank formed with an inwardly beveled upper jaw, a complementary jaw Ionthe lower edge of the shank, and a bit fixed in said head. y

5. The combination of an interior hollow mandrel and relatively movable inclosing shank, a pair of reamer blades pivoted in the mandrel and adapted to be projected through complementary slots in the shank and mandrel by the action of the shank, a locking notch in the blade and a locking member formed at the top wall of the shank slots to engage said notches and look the blades in projected position, an enlarged bit head on the mandrel below the shank formed with an inwardly beveled upper jaw, a complementaryvj aw on the lower edge of the shank, and a bit fixed in the head.

6. The combination of a hollow mandrel and an .inclosing relatively movable toolshank,a"?pai1` of reamer blades pivoted in the mandrel and adapted to be projected through complementary slots in the mandrel and shank, means for locking the blades in projected position, an enlarged bit head on the mandrel belowthe shank and a bit carried thereby, and complementary locking plugs and recesses on the adjoinin edges of the shank and bit head for locking t e shank and mandrel forvjoint .rotary movement.I

7. The combination of a hollow mandrel and inclosing relatively movable tool-shank, a pair of reamer blades pivoted in the mandrel having angular slots, a fixed transverse actuating pin 1n the shank passed through said slots for projecting said blades through slots in the mandrel and shank, and meansv on the shank co-actng with said blades for locking them in projected position.

GUSTA'F W. HANSON. 

